- Long Name: Republic of Niger
- Capital City: Niamey
- Type of Government: semi-presidential republic
- Date of Independence: 3 August 1960 (from France)
- National Holidays: Republic Day, 18 December (1958)
- Chief of State: President ISSOUFOU Mahamadou
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Brigi RAFINI
- Executive Branch: resident directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 February 2016 and 20 March 2016 (next to be held in 2021); prime minister appointed by the president, authorized by the National Assembly
- Legislative Branch: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (171 seats; 158 members directly elected from 8 multi-member constituencies in 7 regions and Niamey by party-list proportional representation, 8 reserved for minorities elected in special single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 5 seats reserved for Nigeriens living abroad - l seat per continent - elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the number of National Assembly seats increased from 113 to 171 in the February 2016 legislative election
- Judicial Branch: Constitutional Court judges nominated/elected - 1 by the president of the Republic, 1 by the president of the National Assembly, 2 by peer judges, 2 by peer lawyers, 1 law professor by peers, and 1 from within Nigerien society; all appointed by the president; judges serve 6-year nonrenewable terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years; High Judicial Court members selected from among the legislature and judiciary; members serve 5-year terms
- Embassy in the US: BP 11201, Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey
- Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
- National Symbols: zebu; national colors: orange, white, green
- International Disputes: Libya claims about 25,000 sq km in a currently dormant dispute in the Tommo region; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty that also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; the dispute with Burkina Faso was referred to the ICJ in 2010
- Refugees inside and outside: 105,491
- Internally Displaced Persons: 105,4991